فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 41، پاییز 1387)

The relationship between security and freedom is an issue which many of thinkers, politicians and even the masses have paid attention, and so consideration of its theoretical as well as practical aspects is of a very high significance. Therefore, taking into account the concept of sustainable development, this paper aims to consider the theoretical relationship between security and freedom. The main qustion of this paper is as follows: what kind of relationship between security and freedom contributes to realization of sustainable development? To answer this question, the paper, first defines the concepts of security and freedom and then, based on rationality as their common element in respect to sustainable development it focuses on the type and amount of required relationship between the two concepts to realize the concept of sustainable development..

As two paradigms, Human Security and Sustainable Development approaches, gained importance in the post-cold war era, with the leading role of UN organizations. Proposing these paradigms, suggests that the scholars and researchers had observed some inconsistencies in the former paradigms of security studies. Then in a near look, this becomes evident that these paradigms criticize the similar subjects (such as state-centred strategies for obtaining security and overlooking the true needs of human beings, neglecting the environmental dimension of security and rights of future generations) and propose some similar guidelines(giving priority to human individual in the evaluating and preparing the list of threats, focusing on protecting the Environment and its importance in the securing the health and security for human beings and the well-being and the life quality of future generations, taking into consideration the newer threats, especially threats of the global scale, and paying attention to the political arena and participation, poverty and threats it causes). Then, it can be argued that, there will be many overlaps and similarities between two paradigms, among others these paradigms rest on common tenets (society, economy and environment), although with some nuances in emphases. In this paper, after investigating the content of two paradigms, the lessons that these two can learn from each other will be discussed and it will argued that according the aforementioned arguments, these two can be merged in a comprehensive and single paradigm which probably will be called “Sustainable Human Security” paradigm.

Human security is the last paradigm of security studies in the 21st century and constitutes the new agenda for security studies. The current paper illustrates the place of human security, as a popular approach and based on long term satisfaction of the people, within the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To this end, the theoretical aspect of the issue is considered first and then under the light of this understanding, the relevant provisions of the constitution is considered. The author of this paper argues that the very idea of human security lies within the context of the constitution which sets the limits of national security and its boundaries and limits; it does not overlap or replace the national security.

To be channel between The East and The West, its energy resources, its political structures, its Imperialistic experiences and its cultural contradictions with the world, put theMiddle Eastinto realistic context and fabricated by state, national and regional security than the human security and they overlaid it. It argues that this situation didnt achieve the peace and stability for the region. Making up for lost time, empowering and protecting the human issues entail to be though the channel state security and human development. The paper is examining political reforms, economic and demographic problems, energy issues and modern technology in the Middle Eastern as human developments or freedom from needs and so discussing theIraqcrisis, nuclear proliferations, terrorism andPalestine-Israelconflict as main human security or freedom from fear in theMiddle East. And the last make some suggestions for the current fabric of the region.

The report of the UN Development Program (UNDP) in 1994 describes human security as a situation in which the people are free of any pressures and restrictions surrounding human development. This survey considers the questions that why the concept of human security enters into the security related texts and research circles. It also raises another question regarding the aims of the concept and its usefulness. Finally the paper concludes with discussing the link between human oriented and state oriented security. For the author of this paper, the concept of human security demonstrates that it is not enough to limit the analyses to merely realism, as the dominant paradigm in the context of state oriented security, but this concept calls for Realism to explain that when state is not a tool of security, why we should assume it as the reference of security?